Friday, 9 March 2018

Raghuvamsha Sarga 1 | Shloka 17

रेखामात्रमपि क्षुण्णादामनोर्वर्त्मनः परम्।
न व्यतीयुः प्रजास्तस्य नियन्तुर्नेमिवृत्तयः॥

rekhāmātramapi kṣuṇṇādāmanorvartmanaḥ param |
na vyatīyuḥ prajāstasya niyanturnemivṛttayaḥ ||

Under King Dileepa's able leadership, his subjects always upheld the values and traditions of their ancestors just like how (wheels of) a chariot does not deviate from the tracks even by an inch when controlled by an expert charioteer. 

ಹೇಗೆ ಉತ್ತಮ ಸಾರಥಿಯ ನಿಯಂತ್ರಣದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ರಥವು ನಿಶ್ಚಿತ ಮಾರ್ಗದಿಂದ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪವೂ ಸರಿಯುವುದಿಲ್ಲವೋ ಹಾಗೆ ದಿಲೀಪನ ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಅವನ ಪ್ರಜೆಗಳು ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಕಾಲದಿಂದಲೂ ರೂಢಿಯಲ್ಲಿದ್ದ ಆಚಾರಗಳನ್ನು ಚಾಚೂ ತಪ್ಪದೇ ಪಾಲಿಸುತ್ತಾ ಬರುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು.

some thoughts:

- Although I have used the phrase "... of their ancestors", Kalidasa uses आमनोः to mean since the time of Manu himself.

- On a tangential note, I have always found the word चक्रवर्ती (chakravarti) to be a very interesting synonym for king. One interpretation of the word is -- "one whose wheels are always in motion" i.e. all kings acknowledge his superiority and so, he rules limitless lands. The interpretation that I like better is "one who holds the wheel in place". The king here is like the eye of the wheel that holds all the spokes in place so that the wheel (here, the country) can function smoothly! 




Friday, 15 January 2016

Raghuvamsha Sarga 1 | Shloka 16

भीमकान्तैर्नृपगुणैः स बभूवोपजीविनां |
अधृष्यस्चाभिगम्यस्च यादोरत्नैरिवार्णवः ||

bhīmakāntairnṛpaguṇaiḥ sa babhūvopajīvinām |
adhṛṣyaścābhigamyaśca yādoratnairivārṇavaḥ || 

The ocean is both inaccessible and forthcoming depending on the person seeking it. For a person with evil intentions, it houses dreadful creatures like sharks and crocodiles. However, for one with good intentions, it is a storehouse of precious gems and pearls. Similarly, King Dileepa with his kingly qualities was both inaccessible and forthcoming to scheming persons and honest dependents respectively. 

ಸಮುದ್ರವು ಹೇಗೆ ಕಳ್ಳರಿಗೆ ದುರ್ಗಮವಾಗಿಯೂ ಮತ್ತು ಸದುದ್ದೇಶವುಳ್ಳವರಿಗೆ ಮಣಿ-ರತ್ನಗಳ ಭಂಡಾರದಂತೆ ಇರುವೊದೋ ಹಾಗೆಯೇ ದಿಲೀಪನು ದುರ್ಜನ-ಸಜ್ಜನರಿಗೆ ದುರ್ಲಭ್ಯನೂ-ಸುಲಭ್ಯನೂ ಆಗಿದ್ದನು.

जिस प्रकार अनेक रत्नों को अपने में समेटे हुए सागर में लोग उन रत्नों की कामना से पैठते हैं परन्तु उसमें घातक जलजीवों के भय से जाने से डरते भी हैं, उसी प्रकार कान्तिमय भीमकाय नृपगुणों से युक्त महाराज दिलीप के समक्ष जाने में कर्मचारी तथा सेवकादि उपजीवीगण डरते भी थे परन्तु उनको जाना भी पड़ता था

some thoughts:

- I like the 'alankara' (roughly, figure of speech) in this verse. The same entity i.e. ocean is used to represent two contradicting qualities.

Sunday, 10 January 2016

Raghuvamsha Sarga 1 | Shloka 15

                          आकरसद्रुशप्रज्ञः प्रज्ञया सद्रुशागमः |
                        आगमैः सद्रुशारम्भ आरम्भसदृशोदयः || 

                      ākārasadṛśaprajñaḥ prajñayā sadṛśāgamaḥ |
                     āgamaiḥ sadṛśārambha ārambhasadṛśodayaḥ ||



Dileepa had the intellect that matched his physique, resourcefulness that matched the intellect, beginnings that matched his resourcefulness and finally, results that matched his beginnings. 

ದಿಲೀಪನು ತನ್ನ ದೇಹಕ್ಕೆ ತಕ್ಕ ಪ್ರಜ್ಞೆ, ಪ್ರಜ್ಞೆಗೆ ತಕ್ಕ ಕೌಶಲ, ಕೌಶಲಕ್ಕೆ ತಕ್ಕಂತೆ ಪ್ರಾರಂಭ ಮಾಡುವ ಕ್ಷಮತೆ ಹಾಗೂ ಅದಕ್ಕೆ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ ಫಲಗಳನ್ನು ಕಾಣುವ ಪರಿಶ್ರಮವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದ್ದನ್ನು. 

हाराज दिलीप अपने कदकाठी के समान विशाल बुद्धि वाले, बुद्धि के समान विद्या और शास्त्रों का कठिन अभ्यास करने वाले, शास्त्रों के सम्यक् ज्ञान और कठिन अभ्यास के समान ही उद्योगों का प्रारम्भ करने वाले और अपने परिश्रम के आधार पर संकल्पित कार्य की उसके आरम्भ के समान ही फल तथा यश के उदय की सिद्धि को सुनिश्चित कराने वाले थे |

some thoughts:

- I like the running metaphor in this verse. Especially after Kalidasa establishes that Dileepa was superlative in everything in the previous verse. 

Raghuvamsha Sarga 1 | Shloka 14

       
सर्वातिरिक्तसारेण सर्वतेजोभिभाविना |
स्थितः सर्वोन्नतेनोर्वीम् क्रान्त्वा मेरुरिवात्मना ||

                                 sarvaatiriktasaareNa sarvatejo.abhibhaavinaa |
                         sthitaH sarvonnatenorvii.m kraantvaa merurivaatmanaa|| 



King Dileepa was the pinnacle of everything; he stood out amongst all other human beings by his excellence like Meru, the tallest mountain on earth. 

ದಿಲೀಪನು ಎಲ್ಲದರಲ್ಲೂ ಅತ್ಯುತ್ತಮನೆನಿಸಿದ್ದನು. ಹೇಗೆ ಮೇರುಪರ್ವತವು ಭೂಮಿಯನ್ನು ಮೀರಿ ಅತ್ಯೆತ್ತರವಾಗಿ ಬೆಳೆದಿದೆಯೋ, ಹಾಗೆಯೇ ದಿಲೀಪನು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಮನುಷ್ಯರನ್ನು ಮೀರಿ ನಿಂತಿದ್ದನು. 

जिस प्रकार मेरु पर्वत अपने द्रव्यमान से पृथ्वी को दबाकर रखता है, ऊँचाई से अनेक उन्नत भवनों और वस्तुओं को अपने समक्ष बौना सिद्ध करता है, उसी प्रकार महाराज दिलीप अपने विक्रम से शूरवीरों को, तेज से तेजस्वियों को और आकर्षक व्यक्तित्व और कदकाठी से अन्य महापुरुषों के मध्य श्रेष्ठ दिखते थे |

some thoughts:

- Meru is a mythical mountain that is said to be at the centre of the physical and metaphysical universe. It is believed that the sun and moon circumambulate this mountain every day. Based on study of the puranas, some speculate that Meru refers to earth's axis.

Friday, 25 December 2015

Raghuvamsha Sarga 1 | Shloka 13

The next few verses describe dileepa and the way he ruled. These provide a lot of insights into how kings ruled back in ancient times.

व्यूढोरसको वृषस्कन्धः शालप्रांशुर्महाभुजः |
आत्मकर्मक्षमं देहं क्षात्रो धर्म इवाश्रितः ||

vyūḍhorasko vṛṣaskandhaḥ śālaprāṁśurmahābhujaḥ |
ātmakarmakṣamaṁ dehaṁ kṣātro dharma ivāśritaḥ ||

Image result for shorea robusta
shaala tree (shorea robusta)


King Dileepa had a physique that suited his valorous deeds with a broad chest, long powerful arms, and was tall like a saala tree appearing like a personification of kshatriya dharma. (rough translation: warrior ethics)

ದಿಲೀಪನು ತನ್ನ ಪರಾಕ್ರಮಕ್ಕೆ ತಕ್ಕ, ವಿಶಾಲವಾದ ಎದೆಯುಳ್ಳ, ಮಹಾಭುಜಗಳುಳ್ಳ, ಶಾಲ ವೃಕ್ಷದಂತೆ ಉದ್ದನೆಯ ದೇಹವನ್ನು ಕ್ಷಾತ್ರ ಧರ್ಮದ ಸಾಕ್ಷಾತ್ ಸ್ವರೂಪವಾಗಿದ್ದನು. 

चौड़ी छाती वाले, वृष के समान उन्नत कंधों वाले, शाल के समान बड़ी बड़ी भुजाओं वाले राजा दिलीप अपने कार्यों में सक्षम और कुशल थे, मानो वह स्वयम् क्षत्रियधर्म का मानुषी रूप हों |


Thursday, 24 December 2015

Raghuvamsha | Sarga 1 Shloka 12

Moving on,

तदन्वये शुद्धिमति प्रसूतःशुद्धिमत्तरः|
दिलीप इति राजेन्दुरिन्दुः क्षीरनिधाविव ||

                     tadanvaye śuddhimati prasūtaḥ śuddhimattaraḥ |
                         dilīpa iti rājendurinduḥ kṣīranidhāviva || 



In this unblemished dynasty, a king named dileepa who was equally blemishless was born similar to the rise of the moon from the milky ocean. 

ಈ ಪರಿಶುದ್ಧವಾದ ವಂಶದಲ್ಲಿ ಪರಿಶುದ್ಧ ರಾಜನಾದ ದಿಲೀಪನು, ಕ್ಷೀರಸಾಗರದಿಂದ ಜನಿಸಿದ ಚಂದ್ರನಂತೆ ಜನಿಸಿದನು. 

वैवस्वत मनु के पवित्र वंश में दिलीप नामक अतिपवित्र नृपश्रेष्ठ का जन्म हुआ जिस प्रकार क्षीरसागर में से चन्द्रमा ने।

some thoughts:

- I really like the metaphor in this verse. This is a reference to the birth of moon during the samudra manthana by devas and asuras. The very word indu means bright or illustrious. The moon is also a symbol of purity. 


Friday, 4 December 2015

Raghuvamsha Sarga 1 | Shloka 11

And so, today we begin the story!

वैवस्वतो मनुर्नाम माननीयो मनीषिणाम् | 
आसीन्महीक्षितामाद्यः प्रणवश्छन्दसामिव ||

vaivasvato manurnāma mānanīyo manīṣiṇām |
āsīnmahīkṣitāmādyaḥ praṇavaśchandasāmiva ||

There lived Manu [ आसीत् वैवस्वतो नाम मनुः] who was the son of the sun and who was respected by the wise [मनीषिणाम् माननीयः]. He was the first of kings [महीक्षिताम् आद्यः] similar to the sound 'aum' which comes at the start of all mantras / vedas.  

ಸೂರ್ಯನ ಮಗನಾದ ಮನು ಜ್ಞಾನಿಗಳ ಮನ್ನಣೆಗೆ ಪಾತ್ರನಾಗಿದ್ದನು. ಹೇಗೆ ಮಂತ್ರಗಳ ಪ್ರಾರಂಭದಲ್ಲಿ ಓಂಕಾರವು ಬರುತ್ತದೋ ಹಾಗೆಯೇ ಭೂಮಿಯನ್ನಾಳಿದ ರಾಜರಲ್ಲಿ ಮನುವು ಮೊದಲಿಗನು.

जैसे ओंकार सभी वेदों में प्रथम मन्त्र है, विद्वान् श्रोत्रियों द्वारा पूजित प्रथम छन्दस् है वैसे ही विद्वान् मनीषियों द्वारा पूजित वैवस्वत नाम के मनु सर्वप्रथम राजा हुए।

Some thoughts:

- Again this verse has a very beautiful metaphor in it. All mantras start from 'aum'. Similarly, the lineage of kings (and man) started from this Manu. The etymology of the word man is attributed to manu. 

- He is the reason why the dynasty is called the solar dynasty or 'soorya vamsha' 

- Manu is a 'post' and not a name. The current manu is 'vaivsvata' manu. The time interval from one manu to another is known as manvantara. This period corresponds to 306,720,000 years! Vaivasvata-manu who is under consideration now is the 7th manu since creation! The manu smriti is attributed to the first manu - Svayambhuva. It is interesting to note the huge time-scales that were prevalent right from the time of vedas!